1. 英語作文主題句怎麼寫
步驟/方法主題句的特點\x0d擬寫主題句是寫好一個段落的關鍵,從而構成一篇結構嚴謹、主題突出的佳作.一個好的主題句應具備以下幾個特點:(1)含有controllingidea.所謂controlling
idea是指作者的態度.它可以是句子中的一個單詞、一個片語或者一個句子,從而使段落始終圍繞一個主題進行.如:Students
have
different
reasonsto
choose
their
own
electives
(2007年12
月四級作文題
What
Electives
to
Choose).句子劃線部分即為句子的controllingidea.(2)引出段落主題即topic.段落主題是指這一段落是關於什麼的.它同時既要有一定的范圍和概括性又要范圍寬窄適度.我們可以看出,段落主題句的寫法很有講究.段落主題句的作用是要告訴讀者該段的主題思想,該段將圍繞這個主題思想逐步展開、定義、論述、分類、解釋和舉例說明等.所以,段落主題句必須包含一個主導思想,這是一個等待發展的思想,也是段落的主旨所在.同時,段落主題句不能寫得太籠統,也不能涉及面太窄.一個段落的容量是有限的,如果主題句限定范圍太寬,其內容就無法在一個段落中闡述清楚.如果限定范圍太窄,又不利於段落的發展.段落主題句所限定的內容必須符合段落寫作的目的,有利於段落的鋪開和抒發.主題句的位置
段落主題句不僅寫法很有講究,其位置安排也是很有講究的.主題句的位置不是固定不變的,段落主題句可以出現在段首、段尾和段中.\x0d(1)
主題句在段首
大多數段落的主題句位於段首,這類段落屬於演繹式段落,也是學生常用的一種方法,即主題句+
支撐句的模式.使用這種方法的好處在於學生能夠較好的把握全文的結構,有助於確定段落的主線,使各個支撐句圍繞段落主題自然展開,保持段落的一致性與連貫性.使用這種模式寫起來比較容易接受,也不容易跑題,更容易領略全文的主旨\x0d(2)主題句在段尾
主題句在段尾,可以使語氣或氣氛逐漸加強,並產生懸念.在這種段落中,通常先把論據、材料、細節逐漸展開,最後,自然而然的歸納出主題.這種段落屬於歸納式段落,即由結尾的主題句總結本段的主旨,即支撐句+
主題句的模式,這種模式比較有文采,但是對於中國學生,尤其是初學者而言,不容易把握.\x0d(3)
主題句在段中
主題句在段中,即支撐句+
主題句+
支撐句的模式.這種寫作方法對於學生而言,是最難把握的一種,所以建議學生在考試時不要採納這種模式,它的困難之處在於不好把握主題,也不利於主題句的展開.盡管段落中所有的句子都很重要,但是從寫作的角度看,段落中主題句是最重要的,因為它表達了本段的中心內容或思想.好的主題句有助於作者集中說明某一個主題並且控制寫作范圍,也便於支撐句的展開.就中國學生的思維模式而言,在四級考試的寫作中,還是採取主題句在段首的方式較好.
2. 想要將英語作文寫好,需要掌握哪些要素和技巧
英語寫作也是英語學習的重要一環。在英語考試中,考生要想獲得高分,除了在句子中清楚地表達自己的意思外,還需要運用一些寫作技巧。
了解「體系結構」,英語寫作相當重視「邏輯」和「體系結構」,明確的體系結構可以整理邏輯,幫助讀者更容易理解句子焦點。英語作文的基本結構是:introction(前言)body(正文)conclusion(結論)。

作文的結尾明確主題,前後呼應,寫英語作文的時候,除了理解結構和邏輯的重要性外,如果能記住禁忌,寫作的時候就會更加熟悉。請不要使用主觀的觀點。寫作時要避免用「I」作為主語敘述。要想提高文章公信力或說服力,請給第三人稱。請勿使用縮寫,縮寫看起來比較口語化,所以在官方文檔中不要使用縮寫。例如,「will not」和「won't」更正式。
造句時要記住一個原則:簡單、明確、最好。在文字上追求「正確」就可以了。不必使用特別粗俗或誇張的單詞。句型也是如此。否則,不要使用過於繁雜的句型,用讀者容易掌握概念的方式表達就可以了。不管用什麼單詞或短語,最重要的是自己要先讀。
3. 齊頭式英語作文的主題寫在哪裡
對齊寫在正文之前。
齊頭式格式是一種常用的格式,是書寫公文時按照每段的第一個詞頂格寫,段與段之間空一行的一種方式。齊頭式格式的寫作方法:在寫作時應用齊頭式時每段開頭不空格,但是各段之間空一行。這也是雅思作文和所有英語寫作通用的方式且此種格式整齊好看。用齊頭式信件寫信,其正文與稱呼之間空一至二行。每段的第一句句子不需要空格,但段與段之間需要空一至二行。齊頭式信件的信尾客套話和簽名可以有兩種款式。第一種寫在左下方,這是最常用也是最正式的。另外也可以寫在右下方,這種形式則表示寫信人與收信人之間的關系比較熟悉隨便。。另一種常用的格式為縮進式,即首段開頭空四個字母,段落之間不空行。英文書寫應符合書寫規范,英文字母要寫清楚、寫整齊、寫美觀,字母的大小和字母之間的距離要勻稱。書寫應做到字形秀麗漂亮,通篇勻稱和諧。寫英文字母要掌握正確筆順。如小寫字母i ,應該先寫下面的部分,然後再打點。有的學生卻按寫漢字的習慣從上到下寫,寫快了,就會把點和下面的豎筆連在一起,顯得十分別扭。不少人在四線三格的練習紙上書寫尚有規矩,能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求書寫,但在白紙或橫線紙上書寫,卻顯得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下,或一律寫成同一高度,占上中兩格的字母與佔中下兩格的字母完全沒有高低之別。這些現象都要防止。
4. 英語閱讀理解如何確定文章主題
這個問題問的很好,我曾經也有過這樣的疑問,一般來說,英語文章有一種類似於古代八股文的模式,在考試中,大多數閱讀理解都是關於環境問題,科學研究等,很少有關於生活的日記之類的,所以,首先文章首句挺重要的,因為老外比較直白,不會像我們似的老是愛用個引題什麼的。第一段的結尾部分也會強調作者的觀點和想要論證的句子,要細心。以上是對於一般情況來說的。個別情況肯定要個別討論了,閱讀確定不了文章主題關鍵問題還是「讀不懂」 生詞太多,句子結構太復雜,難理解,這些都是問題,所以根據自己的實際情況加強訓練。
5. 寫英語作文時第一段能把題目的內容寫在短文里嗎上嗎
能
英語作文中首段的作用為:首段點題。簡單說明本文章主旨內容。中心段進行闡述,分條進行展開。
6. 怎樣寫英語文章各個段落的主題句
你可以先參考下英語作文的範文,總結出一些模式。當然基礎是有一定詞彙量。買些這方面的書吧,就是英文寫作方面的。挺多的,也很用的哦。
7. 如何寫好英語作文的主題句和拓展句
主題句(Topic
sentence)主題句是表達段落主題的句子。它用以概括段落大意,要求段落中的其他各句都與它緊密相連並圍繞它來展開。因此,要想寫好段落,首先要寫好主題句。1、主題句位置主題句在段落中可以在段首,也可以在段中或者段尾。主題句所處的位置不一樣,所起的作用也不同。主題句通常放在段落的開端,開門見山地點出主題,使作者自始至終地緊扣主題,也使讀者一開始能抓住整個段落的主題思想。主題句也可以放在段中起到承上啟下的作用,或者放在段尾起到概括全段的作用。作文是主觀題,而且閱卷教師的時間很短。因而在高考作文中,建議考生應盡量採用將主題句子放在段落的開頭。(1)段首法段首法指的是將主題句子放在段首,即段落的第一句。有時段落的第一句要充當引句或者背景介紹,這時主題句由第二、第三句充當。段首法的優點是開門見山、直接點題。寫作者利用此方法較容易控制全段的寫作,達到開宗明義的效果。
8. 如何掌握英文文章的主旨
南昌一中外語組: 庄蓉芳摘要:語文和英語兩門學科都是關於語言學習的,在掌握文章主旨的方法上有許多相同和相通之處。但盡管如此,不是每個學生都能順利地進行知識遷移,用我們的母語經驗去幫助掌握英文文章的主旨。本文將列舉五個典型案例來探究如何掌握英文文章的主旨常用的方法。關鍵詞:知識遷移 ,母語經驗, 英文文章的主旨, 常用方法 在閱讀任何一篇英文短文時,第一件要思考的事就是了解文章大意。英文短文有明顯的特點,那就是每一自然段的開頭或結尾句就是該段的主題句。可以說,絕大多數學生都知道這一特點,卻依舊無法准確的理解文章主旨。為什麼?因為了解這一特點僅僅是掌握文章主旨的初始階段,如何能將主題句有機地聯系在一起才是知識遷移的關鍵階段——即用語文學科中掌握主旨的知識去指導掌握英文文章主旨。 方法1:重視第一自然段的作用。第一自然段主要有兩個作用:第一:拋磚引玉,引出下文;第二:總括全文,即文章主旨段落。 例題一、2006年高考題重慶卷閱讀C篇When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated ring the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts ,objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago. Underwaterarchaeology-the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water-is really a proct of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment .Besides the Swedish ship wreck(殘骸),underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea. Underwater archaeology can provide facts abut the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of peoples way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world's knowledge of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘機)often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater 「museums」 of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures. 全文共三段,第一自然段講了發現了一艘1628的沉船,歷史學家和科學家們歡呼雀躍有機會了解過去的遺跡;第二自然段講了水下考古學的的定義;第三自然段講了水下考古學的作用。如果,學生非常清楚第一自然段的主要作用,就很容易發現第一自然段是拋磚引玉引起下文而不是總括全文,全文主要講的是水下考古學。 63. What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage? A. To provide background information of the topic B. To attract readers' attention to the topic C. To use an example to support the topic D. To offer basic knowledge of the topic 所以該考題答案應選擇B。 例題二、2011年高考題福建卷閱讀理解D篇 Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展現) herself as she did nowhere else.After the death of her second husband, Greek shipping magnate Aristotie Onassis laqueline』s close friend and former White House social secretary Letitis Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career in publishing. After consideration, Jacqueline accepted it. Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life .She became not less but more interested in reading. For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publisher』s editor, first at Viking, then at Doubleday ,pursuing(追求)a late-life career longer than her two marriages combined. During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes. She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book ,The Power of Myth. The book went on to become an international best-seller. She dealt too. with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自傳),Moonwalk.Jaequeline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth.. Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself. In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind. Her books are the autobiography she never wrote, Her role as First lady, in the end, was overshadowed by her performance as an editor. However, few knew that she had achieved so much. 全文共三段。第一自然段的主旨是肯尼迪夫人Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis 在生命的最後二十多年作為一名編輯,在工作中表現比她以前做的任何事情都出色;第二自然段的主旨是在她第二任丈夫去世後,她接受了進入出版業的建議;第三自然段的主旨是她被僱傭也許是因為她的名聲和社會關系,但很快她就證明了她的價值。很明顯,第一自然段是總括段落。 The passage is mainly A. an introction of Jacqueline』s life both as Fist Lady and as editor. B. a brief description of Jacqueline』s lifelong experiences. C. a brief account of Jacqueline』s career as an editor in her last 20 years. D. an analysis of Jacqueline』s social relations in publishing 所以該考題答案是C. 方法2:利用分段理順主題句之間的關系。這種方法很適用於篇幅較長,段落較多的傳記、議論文和說明文。 例題一、2011年高考題浙江卷閱讀理解C篇 ① In the more and more competitive service instry , it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today , customer 「delight」 is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.②It is accepted in the marketing instry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal ③ New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example , many companies now have to invest(投資)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the 「phone rage」—caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.④「Many people do not like talking to machines ,」says Dr . Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School.「Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them .The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust— the sort of comfortable feelings people have ring face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.」 ⑤ Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be calmed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty proct immediately : throwing in a gift voucher(購物禮卷)as an unexpected 「thank you」 to rental customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints. ⑥ Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result . This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,「 I know how you must feel」) , and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever fames suggests best meets the case). ⑦Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care . Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technical problems . ⑧For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times . They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a 「we are here to help」 attitude. The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen. ⑨ British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service. ⑩Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please」. On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. 這是一篇議論文,一共有十個自然段。十個主題句如果不加以進一步的整理,很難在短時間里看出全文的主旨。分段是整理多段落文章的一個很實用的方法。議論文分段要考慮論點、論據和論證,文章主要由提出問題(what)、分析問題(why)、和解決問題(how)幾個部分構成這些因素。這篇文章根據提出問題(what)、分析問題(why)、和解決問題(how)等三個因素大體可以分成三大段,第一段包括①②自然段,提出問題,即盡力取悅顧客是很多公司保住或增加市場份額的方法,並講述了原因;第二大段包括③④自然段,分析問題,即照顧好客人在出現電話和網路等購物方式時面臨的新挑戰;第三大段包括⑤-⑩自然段,解決問題,即在取悅顧客的多種方法中,特別要注意一項原則「許諾越多,失望的幾率就越大,不要輕易許諾」。文章用了六個自然段放在解決問題這一塊,用意非常明顯。文章的主題應該是:現在,面臨新的挑戰,取悅顧客依然是好的經營策略,但具體使用不同方法時一定要注意一項原則「許諾越多,失望的幾率就就越大,不要輕易許諾」,這樣,才能真正實現取悅顧客的經營策略。 55. Which of the following is conveyed in this article? A. Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings among customers. B. Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers. C. A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market. D. Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks. 所以,該考題答案應選擇C。 例題二、20011年高考題江蘇卷閱讀理解A篇①We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)?Shouldn』t we know who they are?②Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she』s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning 「who」 invented 」what」, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the」 why」 and 」how」 questions. According to Mclean,」 When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.」③Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean』s statement. 「If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper』s invention,」 said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, 「 I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience ring a rainstorm into something so constructive. 「 Lee is currently negotiating to see his patent to an umbrella procer.④So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to Mew York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights ,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn』t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作桿)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. ⑤Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations,It』s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan』s traffic light. It』s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett』s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses? 這篇文章在分析過程中有一點曲折之處,這要特別注意。其中①④⑤三個自然段能構成一個完整主題即「我們也應該去了解那些不知名的發明家,因為他們的發明是我們從中受益 」。而且,①、⑤兩段正好是文章的開頭段和結尾段,是我們通常認為的最重要的兩個段落。所以這個主題很容易被誤解成這樣。但是,如果考慮分段,就會發現一個矛盾,若按這樣的主題,那②、③自然段,主旨是「老師Joan McLean和她的學生都認為要開關於不知名的發明家的課程」,放在文章的中間是不是有點問題?而且這個文章主旨顯然沒有包括②、③自然段。所以,這篇文章要重新考慮-----文章的開頭段應是引出話題,然後進入正文,說要開Invention Courses這種課程,④、⑤自然段則是解釋為什麼開這種的課的原因。 59. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Procers? B How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? C Shouldn』t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D Shouldn』t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities? 文章的主旨的我們為什麼要開Invention Courses,所以,該考題答案為D。 方法3:找出內在的聯系線索。 例題一、2011年高考題安徽卷閱讀理解B篇 Think about the different ways that people use the wind . You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat . Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power source(來源), as well as one of the oldest . Evidence shows that windmills(風車) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC . They were first introced to Europe ring the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power. For many centuries, people used windmills to grind(磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground . When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to proce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to proce electricity . People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever . Then, wind was rediscovered , though it means higher coasts. Today , there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 文章共三段,第一段主旨是風能不僅僅是最干凈豐富的資源還是最古老的能源之一;第二自然段的主旨是幾個世紀以來,人們都使用風能,但在上世紀40年代,由於電力的發明,風能很少被利用;第三自然段的主旨是今天,全球都有利用風能發電的傾向。不要孤立每一段落,將三個主旨聯系起來就可以看出文章在敘述風能利用的發展史。 63.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. The advantage of wind power. B. The design of wind power plants. C. The worldwide movement to save energy. D. The global trend towards procing power from wind. 後面作者會寫什麼?當然還是風能發展。所以該題答案為D. 在理解英文文章主旨中,靈活運用我們在學習語文中理解文章主旨的方法會有很多益處。首先,思維上輕車熟路,這會加快分析英文文章的速度;其次,加強了學生對文章重點涉及的問題的記憶。當學生回去尋找答案時,速度會更為迅速。再次,強化了學生的閱讀記憶能力。這為提高了閱讀速度和閱讀質量打下了堅實的基礎。我們知道,對語言文字的過度推理會引起了理解力的減弱。正如熊學亮先生(1999)所說的,「認知的加倍投入並不等於加倍的獲得信息」。 高考閱讀理解題中關於文章主旨題的提問角度也是在檢查和督促學生將語文學科中獲得的掌握主旨方法運用到英語學科中的知識遷移過程。 所以無論是從提高自身的英文閱讀理解能力上說,還是從提高應試能力上說,掌握這些方法都是很有必要的。
9. 英語作文的寫作方法及技巧
初中英語作文高分秘訣 1. 動筆之前,認真審題 《中考考試說明》指出,書面表達要切中題意。怎樣才能切中題意?就是要認真審題,看到考題後,先不要急於動筆,要仔細看清題目要求的內容。在自己的頭腦中構思出一個框架或畫面,確定短文的中心思想,不要匆匆下筆,看懂題意,根據圖畫、圖表、提綱或短文提供的資料和信息來審題。審題要審格式、體裁、人物關系、故事情節、主體時態、活動時間、地點等。 2. 圍繞中心,擬定提綱 書面表達評分原則有四條: (1)內容要點; (2)運用詞彙和結構的數量; (3)運用語法結構和詞彙的准確性; (4)上下文的連貫性。 由此可見,要點是給分的一個重要因素。為了防止寫作過程中遺漏要點,同學們要充分發揮自己的觀察力,把情景中給出的各個要點逐條列出。根據短文的中心思想考慮如何開頭、展開和結尾,設想幾個承上啟下的連詞,將主要句型、關鍵詞語草草記下,形成提綱,寫時切忌結構分散,廢話連篇,嚴重跑題。書面表達,內容廣泛,題材多樣,要弄清考題的要求是寫人、敘事、介紹、評論、圖表、書信、日記、通知、便條還是看圖作文或改寫縮寫。如果是日記,要寫清年、月、日和天氣情況;如果是書信,則要注意書信的格式,注意短文字數不要低於或超過規定的字數太多。 3. 語言通順,表達准確 (1) 避免使用漢語式英語,盡量使用自己熟悉的句型。幾種句型可交替使用,以避免重復和呆板。 (2) 多用簡單句型,記事、寫人一般都不需要復雜的句型。可適當多使用陳述句、一般疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。不用或少用非謂語或情態動詞等較復雜的句型。 (3).注意語法、句法知識的靈活運用。 1) 語態、時態要准確無誤。 2) 主謂語要一致,主語的人稱和數要和謂語一致。 3) 注意人稱代詞的賓格形式。 4) 注意冠詞用法,例如: He is an honest student.中的an不能寫成a。 5) 注意拼寫、標點符號和大小寫,例如:receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant等。 標點符號特別注意漢英的不同,例如: 漢語 英語 A. 句號 。 . B. 省略號 …… … C. 頓號 、 無 (4) 描寫人物時,要生動具體,例如: 1) 外表特徵:tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。 2) 服飾顏色:red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。 3) 內心境界:glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。 4) 感情描寫:love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。 5) 動作描寫:come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。 (5) 上下文要連貫。上下文的連貫性也是評分的一條原則,因此同學們應把寫好的句子,根據故事情節,事情發生的先後次序(時間或空間),使用一些表示並列、遞進等過渡詞進行加工整理,使文章連貫、自然、流暢。同學們應注意下面過渡的用法: 1) 表示並列關系的過渡詞:and, as well as, or … 2) 表示轉折關系的過渡詞:but, yet, however … 3) 表示時間關系的過渡詞:first, second, third, and then, finally, after, before, after a few days, at last, at that time, later, in the past, immediately, in the meanwhile, when, while, then, after that … 4) 表示空間關系的過渡詞:near (to), far (from), in the front of, beside, behind, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, on one side, on the other side of, outside … 5) 表示比較關系的過渡詞:in the same way, just like, just as … 6) 表示對照關系的過渡詞:but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, in spite of, even though … 7) 表示遞進關系的過渡詞: also, and, then, too, in addition, moreover, again … 8) 表示因果關系的過渡詞:because, since, then, thus, otherwise, so, therefore ,as a result… 9) 表示解釋說明的過渡詞:for example, in fact, in this case, for, actually … 10) 表示強調的過渡詞:in fact, indeed, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, most important … 11) 表示目的的過渡詞:for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, so as to, in order to, … 12) 表示列舉的過渡詞:for example , such as … 13) 表示總結性的過渡詞:in conclusion, finally, at last, in brief, as has been stated, in a word, in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking … 4. 不會表達,另闢蹊徑 中考作文給分是以要點和語言准確度而定,不以文采打分。造句越簡單准確越好,造復合句容易出錯,容易被扣分,閱卷場上有句話:「錯誤面前人人平等,文採好不加分」。如遇到個別要點表達不出來或難以表達,可採用變通的辦法,化難為易,化繁為簡。總之,所造句子要正確、得體、符合英語表達習慣。 (1) 迂迴而行 當漢語詞義不會用英語表達時,可以想一個與這個漢語詞義相似的幾種詞義。擴展思路,然後從英語中找出一個與其詞義相近的代替。這樣可有異曲同工之妙。 (2) 小詞大用 漢語中有些語意看來很復雜很文雅,但在英語中可用一些常用詞表達。下面這些詞可能在你的書面表達中很有用:take, have, get, make, come, go, do, see, show, happy, nice, kind, help 等。 (3) 借花獻佛 有時書面表達中需要的單詞或片語或許在試卷中的其他地方出現。因為剛剛做過題,記憶猶新,那麼就可信手拈來,為我所用。 5. 錦上添花,量力而行 如果你還有時間和精力,想把書面表達寫得更好,那麼,請注意以下幾點: (1) 句型多樣化,不要I(We)……到底,使人覺得乏味。 (2) 適當使用一些並列句或主從復合句。 (3) 進一步描繪人或事物時,適當使用定語從句。 (4) 適當使用分詞或分詞短語,烘托謂語動詞。 (5) 偶爾使用一下倒裝句,增加新鮮感。 (6) 適當調換一下狀語在句子中的位置,使句子不雷同。 (7) 上下句子緊接時,其中完全相同的成分可以省略,以節省篇幅。 6. 書寫工整,卷面整潔 字跡要清晰,讓閱卷人看得清楚,不可字跡潦草,難以辨認,要保持卷面的整潔。 7. 寫完之後,勿忘檢查 中考作文時,由於時間緊、內容多,同學們出錯在所難免。因此,改錯這一環節必不可少。中考作文評卷是根據要點、語言准確性、上下文的連貫性來給分,根據錯誤多少來扣分。因此,中考時花幾分鍾時間用來檢查錯誤顯得尤為重要。檢查錯誤應從以下幾個方面入手: (1) 格式是否有錯。 (2) 拼寫有無錯誤。 (3) 語言是否用錯。 (4) 時態、語態錯誤。 (5) 標點錯誤。 (6) 人稱是否用錯。 【注意】此時不宜在卷面上作較大的改動,以免顧此失彼,影響全局。 總之,只要平時同學們多練習寫作並有意運用上述方法和技巧,合理分配時間,在中考時一定能寫出高質量的作文,得到令人滿意的考分。
10. 怎樣寫好英語作文主題句
步驟/方法主題句的特點 擬寫主題句是寫好一個段落的關鍵,從而構成一篇結構嚴謹、主題突出的佳作。一個好的主題句應具備以下幾個特點:(1)含有controllingidea.所謂controlling idea是指作者的態度。它可以是句子中的一個單詞、一個片語或者一個句子,從而使段落始終圍繞一個主題進行。如:Students have different reasonsto choose their own electives (2007年12 月四級作文題 What Electives to Choose)。句子劃線部分即為句子的controllingidea.(2)引出段落主題即topic.段落主題是指這一段落是關於什麼的。它同時既要有一定的范圍和概括性又要范圍寬窄適度。我們可以看出, 段落主題句的寫法很有講究。段落主題句的作用是要告訴讀者該段的主題思想,該段將圍繞這個主題思想逐步展開、定義、論述、分類、解釋和舉例說明等。所以, 段落主題句必須包含一個主導思想,這是一個等待發展的思想,也是段落的主旨所在。同時, 段落主題句不能寫得太籠統, 也不能涉及面太窄。一個段落的容量是有限的,如果主題句限定范圍太寬,其內容就無法在一個段落中闡述清楚。如果限定范圍太窄, 又不利於段落的發展。段落主題句所限定的內容必須符合段落寫作的目的,有利於段落的鋪開和抒發。主題句的位置 段落主題句不僅寫法很有講究,其位置安排也是很有講究的。主題句的位置不是固定不變的, 段落主題句可以出現在段首、段尾和段中。 (1) 主題句在段首 大多數段落的主題句位於段首,這類段落屬於演繹式段落,也是學生常用的一種方法,即主題句+ 支撐句的模式。使用這種方法的好處在於學生能夠較好的把握全文的結構,有助於確定段落的主線,使各個支撐句圍繞段落主題自然展開,保持段落的一致性與連貫性。使用這種模式寫起來比較容易接受,也不容易跑題, 更容易領略全文的主旨 (2)主題句在段尾 主題句在段尾,可以使語氣或氣氛逐漸加強,並產生懸念。在這種段落中,通常先把論據、材料、細節逐漸展開, 最後, 自然而然的歸納出主題。這種段落屬於歸納式段落,即由結尾的主題句總結本段的主旨,即支撐句+ 主題句的模式, 這種模式比較有文采, 但是對於中國學生,尤其是初學者而言,不容易把握。 (3) 主題句在段中 主題句在段中,即支撐句+ 主題句+ 支撐句的模式。這種寫作方法對於學生而言, 是最難把握的一種,所以建議學生在考試時不要採納這種模式,它的困難之處在於不好把握主題, 也不利於主題句的展開。盡管段落中所有的句子都很重要,但是從寫作的角度看,段落中主題句是最重要的,因為它表達了本段的中心內容或思想。好的主題句有助於作者集中說明某一個主題並且控制寫作范圍, 也便於支撐句的展開。就中國學生的思維模式而言,在四級考試的寫作中,還是採取主題句在段首的方式較好。