1. 英语作文主题句怎么写
步骤/方法主题句的特点\x0d拟写主题句是写好一个段落的关键,从而构成一篇结构严谨、主题突出的佳作.一个好的主题句应具备以下几个特点:(1)含有controllingidea.所谓controlling
idea是指作者的态度.它可以是句子中的一个单词、一个词组或者一个句子,从而使段落始终围绕一个主题进行.如:Students
have
different
reasonsto
choose
their
own
electives
(2007年12
月四级作文题
What
Electives
to
Choose).句子划线部分即为句子的controllingidea.(2)引出段落主题即topic.段落主题是指这一段落是关于什么的.它同时既要有一定的范围和概括性又要范围宽窄适度.我们可以看出,段落主题句的写法很有讲究.段落主题句的作用是要告诉读者该段的主题思想,该段将围绕这个主题思想逐步展开、定义、论述、分类、解释和举例说明等.所以,段落主题句必须包含一个主导思想,这是一个等待发展的思想,也是段落的主旨所在.同时,段落主题句不能写得太笼统,也不能涉及面太窄.一个段落的容量是有限的,如果主题句限定范围太宽,其内容就无法在一个段落中阐述清楚.如果限定范围太窄,又不利于段落的发展.段落主题句所限定的内容必须符合段落写作的目的,有利于段落的铺开和抒发.主题句的位置
段落主题句不仅写法很有讲究,其位置安排也是很有讲究的.主题句的位置不是固定不变的,段落主题句可以出现在段首、段尾和段中.\x0d(1)
主题句在段首
大多数段落的主题句位于段首,这类段落属于演绎式段落,也是学生常用的一种方法,即主题句+
支撑句的模式.使用这种方法的好处在于学生能够较好的把握全文的结构,有助于确定段落的主线,使各个支撑句围绕段落主题自然展开,保持段落的一致性与连贯性.使用这种模式写起来比较容易接受,也不容易跑题,更容易领略全文的主旨\x0d(2)主题句在段尾
主题句在段尾,可以使语气或气氛逐渐加强,并产生悬念.在这种段落中,通常先把论据、材料、细节逐渐展开,最后,自然而然的归纳出主题.这种段落属于归纳式段落,即由结尾的主题句总结本段的主旨,即支撑句+
主题句的模式,这种模式比较有文采,但是对于中国学生,尤其是初学者而言,不容易把握.\x0d(3)
主题句在段中
主题句在段中,即支撑句+
主题句+
支撑句的模式.这种写作方法对于学生而言,是最难把握的一种,所以建议学生在考试时不要采纳这种模式,它的困难之处在于不好把握主题,也不利于主题句的展开.尽管段落中所有的句子都很重要,但是从写作的角度看,段落中主题句是最重要的,因为它表达了本段的中心内容或思想.好的主题句有助于作者集中说明某一个主题并且控制写作范围,也便于支撑句的展开.就中国学生的思维模式而言,在四级考试的写作中,还是采取主题句在段首的方式较好.
2. 想要将英语作文写好,需要掌握哪些要素和技巧
英语写作也是英语学习的重要一环。在英语考试中,考生要想获得高分,除了在句子中清楚地表达自己的意思外,还需要运用一些写作技巧。
了解“体系结构”,英语写作相当重视“逻辑”和“体系结构”,明确的体系结构可以整理逻辑,帮助读者更容易理解句子焦点。英语作文的基本结构是:introction(前言)body(正文)conclusion(结论)。

作文的结尾明确主题,前后呼应,写英语作文的时候,除了理解结构和逻辑的重要性外,如果能记住禁忌,写作的时候就会更加熟悉。请不要使用主观的观点。写作时要避免用“I”作为主语叙述。要想提高文章公信力或说服力,请给第三人称。请勿使用缩写,缩写看起来比较口语化,所以在官方文档中不要使用缩写。例如,“will not”和“won't”更正式。
造句时要记住一个原则:简单、明确、最好。在文字上追求“正确”就可以了。不必使用特别粗俗或夸张的单词。句型也是如此。否则,不要使用过于繁杂的句型,用读者容易掌握概念的方式表达就可以了。不管用什么单词或短语,最重要的是自己要先读。
3. 齐头式英语作文的主题写在哪里
对齐写在正文之前。
齐头式格式是一种常用的格式,是书写公文时按照每段的第一个词顶格写,段与段之间空一行的一种方式。齐头式格式的写作方法:在写作时应用齐头式时每段开头不空格,但是各段之间空一行。这也是雅思作文和所有英语写作通用的方式且此种格式整齐好看。用齐头式信件写信,其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。每段的第一句句子不需要空格,但段与段之间需要空一至二行。齐头式信件的信尾客套话和签名可以有两种款式。第一种写在左下方,这是最常用也是最正式的。另外也可以写在右下方,这种形式则表示写信人与收信人之间的关系比较熟悉随便。。另一种常用的格式为缩进式,即首段开头空四个字母,段落之间不空行。英文书写应符合书写规范,英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观,字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮,通篇匀称和谐。写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如小写字母i ,应该先写下面的部分,然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写,写快了,就会把点和下面的竖笔连在一起,显得十分别扭。不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩,能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写,但在白纸或横线纸上书写,却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下,或一律写成同一高度,占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。
4. 英语阅读理解如何确定文章主题
这个问题问的很好,我曾经也有过这样的疑问,一般来说,英语文章有一种类似于古代八股文的模式,在考试中,大多数阅读理解都是关于环境问题,科学研究等,很少有关于生活的日记之类的,所以,首先文章首句挺重要的,因为老外比较直白,不会像我们似的老是爱用个引题什么的。第一段的结尾部分也会强调作者的观点和想要论证的句子,要细心。以上是对于一般情况来说的。个别情况肯定要个别讨论了,阅读确定不了文章主题关键问题还是“读不懂” 生词太多,句子结构太复杂,难理解,这些都是问题,所以根据自己的实际情况加强训练。
5. 写英语作文时第一段能把题目的内容写在短文里吗上吗
能
英语作文中首段的作用为:首段点题。简单说明本文章主旨内容。中心段进行阐述,分条进行展开。
6. 怎样写英语文章各个段落的主题句
你可以先参考下英语作文的范文,总结出一些模式。当然基础是有一定词汇量。买些这方面的书吧,就是英文写作方面的。挺多的,也很用的哦。
7. 如何写好英语作文的主题句和拓展句
主题句(Topic
sentence)主题句是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意,要求段落中的其他各句都与它紧密相连并围绕它来展开。因此,要想写好段落,首先要写好主题句。1、主题句位置主题句在段落中可以在段首,也可以在段中或者段尾。主题句所处的位置不一样,所起的作用也不同。主题句通常放在段落的开端,开门见山地点出主题,使作者自始至终地紧扣主题,也使读者一开始能抓住整个段落的主题思想。主题句也可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用,或者放在段尾起到概括全段的作用。作文是主观题,而且阅卷教师的时间很短。因而在高考作文中,建议考生应尽量采用将主题句子放在段落的开头。(1)段首法段首法指的是将主题句子放在段首,即段落的第一句。有时段落的第一句要充当引句或者背景介绍,这时主题句由第二、第三句充当。段首法的优点是开门见山、直接点题。写作者利用此方法较容易控制全段的写作,达到开宗明义的效果。
8. 如何掌握英文文章的主旨
南昌一中外语组: 庄蓉芳摘要:语文和英语两门学科都是关于语言学习的,在掌握文章主旨的方法上有许多相同和相通之处。但尽管如此,不是每个学生都能顺利地进行知识迁移,用我们的母语经验去帮助掌握英文文章的主旨。本文将列举五个典型案例来探究如何掌握英文文章的主旨常用的方法。关键词:知识迁移 ,母语经验, 英文文章的主旨, 常用方法 在阅读任何一篇英文短文时,第一件要思考的事就是了解文章大意。英文短文有明显的特点,那就是每一自然段的开头或结尾句就是该段的主题句。可以说,绝大多数学生都知道这一特点,却依旧无法准确的理解文章主旨。为什么?因为了解这一特点仅仅是掌握文章主旨的初始阶段,如何能将主题句有机地联系在一起才是知识迁移的关键阶段——即用语文学科中掌握主旨的知识去指导掌握英文文章主旨。 方法1:重视第一自然段的作用。第一自然段主要有两个作用:第一:抛砖引玉,引出下文;第二:总括全文,即文章主旨段落。 例题一、2006年高考题重庆卷阅读C篇When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated ring the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts ,objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago. Underwaterarchaeology-the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water-is really a proct of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment .Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸),underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea. Underwater archaeology can provide facts abut the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of peoples way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world's knowledge of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘机)often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures. 全文共三段,第一自然段讲了发现了一艘1628的沉船,历史学家和科学家们欢呼雀跃有机会了解过去的遗迹;第二自然段讲了水下考古学的的定义;第三自然段讲了水下考古学的作用。如果,学生非常清楚第一自然段的主要作用,就很容易发现第一自然段是抛砖引玉引起下文而不是总括全文,全文主要讲的是水下考古学。 63. What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage? A. To provide background information of the topic B. To attract readers' attention to the topic C. To use an example to support the topic D. To offer basic knowledge of the topic 所以该考题答案应选择B。 例题二、2011年高考题福建卷阅读理解D篇 Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展现) herself as she did nowhere else.After the death of her second husband, Greek shipping magnate Aristotie Onassis laqueline’s close friend and former White House social secretary Letitis Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career in publishing. After consideration, Jacqueline accepted it. Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life .She became not less but more interested in reading. For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publisher’s editor, first at Viking, then at Doubleday ,pursuing(追求)a late-life career longer than her two marriages combined. During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes. She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book ,The Power of Myth. The book went on to become an international best-seller. She dealt too. with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自传),Moonwalk.Jaequeline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth.. Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself. In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind. Her books are the autobiography she never wrote, Her role as First lady, in the end, was overshadowed by her performance as an editor. However, few knew that she had achieved so much. 全文共三段。第一自然段的主旨是肯尼迪夫人Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis 在生命的最后二十多年作为一名编辑,在工作中表现比她以前做的任何事情都出色;第二自然段的主旨是在她第二任丈夫去世后,她接受了进入出版业的建议;第三自然段的主旨是她被雇佣也许是因为她的名声和社会关系,但很快她就证明了她的价值。很明显,第一自然段是总括段落。 The passage is mainly A. an introction of Jacqueline’s life both as Fist Lady and as editor. B. a brief description of Jacqueline’s lifelong experiences. C. a brief account of Jacqueline’s career as an editor in her last 20 years. D. an analysis of Jacqueline’s social relations in publishing 所以该考题答案是C. 方法2:利用分段理顺主题句之间的关系。这种方法很适用于篇幅较长,段落较多的传记、议论文和说明文。 例题一、2011年高考题浙江卷阅读理解C篇 ① In the more and more competitive service instry , it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today , customer “delight” is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.②It is accepted in the marketing instry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal ③ New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example , many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”—caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.④“Many people do not like talking to machines ,”says Dr . Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School.“Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them .The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust— the sort of comfortable feelings people have ring face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.” ⑤ Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be calmed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty proct immediately : throwing in a gift voucher(购物礼卷)as an unexpected “thank you” to rental customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints. ⑥ Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result . This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,“ I know how you must feel”) , and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever fames suggests best meets the case). ⑦Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care . Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technical problems . ⑧For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times . They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a “we are here to help” attitude. The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen. ⑨ British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service. ⑩Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please”. On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. 这是一篇议论文,一共有十个自然段。十个主题句如果不加以进一步的整理,很难在短时间里看出全文的主旨。分段是整理多段落文章的一个很实用的方法。议论文分段要考虑论点、论据和论证,文章主要由提出问题(what)、分析问题(why)、和解决问题(how)几个部分构成这些因素。这篇文章根据提出问题(what)、分析问题(why)、和解决问题(how)等三个因素大体可以分成三大段,第一段包括①②自然段,提出问题,即尽力取悦顾客是很多公司保住或增加市场份额的方法,并讲述了原因;第二大段包括③④自然段,分析问题,即照顾好客人在出现电话和网络等购物方式时面临的新挑战;第三大段包括⑤-⑩自然段,解决问题,即在取悦顾客的多种方法中,特别要注意一项原则“许诺越多,失望的几率就越大,不要轻易许诺”。文章用了六个自然段放在解决问题这一块,用意非常明显。文章的主题应该是:现在,面临新的挑战,取悦顾客依然是好的经营策略,但具体使用不同方法时一定要注意一项原则“许诺越多,失望的几率就就越大,不要轻易许诺”,这样,才能真正实现取悦顾客的经营策略。 55. Which of the following is conveyed in this article? A. Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings among customers. B. Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers. C. A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market. D. Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks. 所以,该考题答案应选择C。 例题二、20011年高考题江苏卷阅读理解A篇①We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)?Shouldn’t we know who they are?②Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented ”what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the” why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,” When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”③Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention,” said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “ I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience ring a rainstorm into something so constructive. “ Lee is currently negotiating to see his patent to an umbrella procer.④So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to Mew York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights ,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. ⑤Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations,It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses? 这篇文章在分析过程中有一点曲折之处,这要特别注意。其中①④⑤三个自然段能构成一个完整主题即“我们也应该去了解那些不知名的发明家,因为他们的发明是我们从中受益 ”。而且,①、⑤两段正好是文章的开头段和结尾段,是我们通常认为的最重要的两个段落。所以这个主题很容易被误解成这样。但是,如果考虑分段,就会发现一个矛盾,若按这样的主题,那②、③自然段,主旨是“老师Joan McLean和她的学生都认为要开关于不知名的发明家的课程”,放在文章的中间是不是有点问题?而且这个文章主旨显然没有包括②、③自然段。所以,这篇文章要重新考虑-----文章的开头段应是引出话题,然后进入正文,说要开Invention Courses这种课程,④、⑤自然段则是解释为什么开这种的课的原因。 59. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Procers? B How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? C Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities? 文章的主旨的我们为什么要开Invention Courses,所以,该考题答案为D。 方法3:找出内在的联系线索。 例题一、2011年高考题安徽卷阅读理解B篇 Think about the different ways that people use the wind . You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat . Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power source(来源), as well as one of the oldest . Evidence shows that windmills(风车) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC . They were first introced to Europe ring the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power. For many centuries, people used windmills to grind(磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground . When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to proce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to proce electricity . People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever . Then, wind was rediscovered , though it means higher coasts. Today , there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 文章共三段,第一段主旨是风能不仅仅是最干净丰富的资源还是最古老的能源之一;第二自然段的主旨是几个世纪以来,人们都使用风能,但在上世纪40年代,由于电力的发明,风能很少被利用;第三自然段的主旨是今天,全球都有利用风能发电的倾向。不要孤立每一段落,将三个主旨联系起来就可以看出文章在叙述风能利用的发展史。 63.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. The advantage of wind power. B. The design of wind power plants. C. The worldwide movement to save energy. D. The global trend towards procing power from wind. 后面作者会写什么?当然还是风能发展。所以该题答案为D. 在理解英文文章主旨中,灵活运用我们在学习语文中理解文章主旨的方法会有很多益处。首先,思维上轻车熟路,这会加快分析英文文章的速度;其次,加强了学生对文章重点涉及的问题的记忆。当学生回去寻找答案时,速度会更为迅速。再次,强化了学生的阅读记忆能力。这为提高了阅读速度和阅读质量打下了坚实的基础。我们知道,对语言文字的过度推理会引起了理解力的减弱。正如熊学亮先生(1999)所说的,“认知的加倍投入并不等于加倍的获得信息”。 高考阅读理解题中关于文章主旨题的提问角度也是在检查和督促学生将语文学科中获得的掌握主旨方法运用到英语学科中的知识迁移过程。 所以无论是从提高自身的英文阅读理解能力上说,还是从提高应试能力上说,掌握这些方法都是很有必要的。
9. 英语作文的写作方法及技巧
初中英语作文高分秘诀 1. 动笔之前,认真审题 《中考考试说明》指出,书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意?就是要认真审题,看到考题后,先不要急于动笔,要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面,确定短文的中心思想,不要匆匆下笔,看懂题意,根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。 2. 围绕中心,拟定提纲 书面表达评分原则有四条: (1)内容要点; (2)运用词汇和结构的数量; (3)运用语法结构和词汇的准确性; (4)上下文的连贯性。 由此可见,要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点,同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力,把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾,设想几个承上启下的连词,将主要句型、关键词语草草记下,形成提纲,写时切忌结构分散,废话连篇,严重跑题。书面表达,内容广泛,题材多样,要弄清考题的要求是写人、叙事、介绍、评论、图表、书信、日记、通知、便条还是看图作文或改写缩写。如果是日记,要写清年、月、日和天气情况;如果是书信,则要注意书信的格式,注意短文字数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。 3. 语言通顺,表达准确 (1) 避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用,以避免重复和呆板。 (2) 多用简单句型,记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。 (3).注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。 1) 语态、时态要准确无误。 2) 主谓语要一致,主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。 3) 注意人称代词的宾格形式。 4) 注意冠词用法,例如: He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a。 5) 注意拼写、标点符号和大小写,例如:receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant等。 标点符号特别注意汉英的不同,例如: 汉语 英语 A. 句号 。 . B. 省略号 …… … C. 顿号 、 无 (4) 描写人物时,要生动具体,例如: 1) 外表特征:tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。 2) 服饰颜色:red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。 3) 内心境界:glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。 4) 感情描写:love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。 5) 动作描写:come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。 (5) 上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则,因此同学们应把写好的句子,根据故事情节,事情发生的先后次序(时间或空间),使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理,使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法: 1) 表示并列关系的过渡词:and, as well as, or … 2) 表示转折关系的过渡词:but, yet, however … 3) 表示时间关系的过渡词:first, second, third, and then, finally, after, before, after a few days, at last, at that time, later, in the past, immediately, in the meanwhile, when, while, then, after that … 4) 表示空间关系的过渡词:near (to), far (from), in the front of, beside, behind, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, on one side, on the other side of, outside … 5) 表示比较关系的过渡词:in the same way, just like, just as … 6) 表示对照关系的过渡词:but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, in spite of, even though … 7) 表示递进关系的过渡词: also, and, then, too, in addition, moreover, again … 8) 表示因果关系的过渡词:because, since, then, thus, otherwise, so, therefore ,as a result… 9) 表示解释说明的过渡词:for example, in fact, in this case, for, actually … 10) 表示强调的过渡词:in fact, indeed, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, most important … 11) 表示目的的过渡词:for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, so as to, in order to, … 12) 表示列举的过渡词:for example , such as … 13) 表示总结性的过渡词:in conclusion, finally, at last, in brief, as has been stated, in a word, in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking … 4. 不会表达,另辟蹊径 中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定,不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好,造复合句容易出错,容易被扣分,阅卷场上有句话:“错误面前人人平等,文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达,可采用变通的办法,化难为易,化繁为简。总之,所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。 (1) 迂回而行 当汉语词义不会用英语表达时,可以想一个与这个汉语词义相似的几种词义。扩展思路,然后从英语中找出一个与其词义相近的代替。这样可有异曲同工之妙。 (2) 小词大用 汉语中有些语意看来很复杂很文雅,但在英语中可用一些常用词表达。下面这些词可能在你的书面表达中很有用:take, have, get, make, come, go, do, see, show, happy, nice, kind, help 等。 (3) 借花献佛 有时书面表达中需要的单词或词组或许在试卷中的其他地方出现。因为刚刚做过题,记忆犹新,那么就可信手拈来,为我所用。 5. 锦上添花,量力而行 如果你还有时间和精力,想把书面表达写得更好,那么,请注意以下几点: (1) 句型多样化,不要I(We)……到底,使人觉得乏味。 (2) 适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句。 (3) 进一步描绘人或事物时,适当使用定语从句。 (4) 适当使用分词或分词短语,烘托谓语动词。 (5) 偶尔使用一下倒装句,增加新鲜感。 (6) 适当调换一下状语在句子中的位置,使句子不雷同。 (7) 上下句子紧接时,其中完全相同的成分可以省略,以节省篇幅。 6. 书写工整,卷面整洁 字迹要清晰,让阅卷人看得清楚,不可字迹潦草,难以辨认,要保持卷面的整洁。 7. 写完之后,勿忘检查 中考作文时,由于时间紧、内容多,同学们出错在所难免。因此,改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分,根据错误多少来扣分。因此,中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手: (1) 格式是否有错。 (2) 拼写有无错误。 (3) 语言是否用错。 (4) 时态、语态错误。 (5) 标点错误。 (6) 人称是否用错。 【注意】此时不宜在卷面上作较大的改动,以免顾此失彼,影响全局。 总之,只要平时同学们多练习写作并有意运用上述方法和技巧,合理分配时间,在中考时一定能写出高质量的作文,得到令人满意的考分。
10. 怎样写好英语作文主题句
步骤/方法主题句的特点 拟写主题句是写好一个段落的关键,从而构成一篇结构严谨、主题突出的佳作。一个好的主题句应具备以下几个特点:(1)含有controllingidea.所谓controlling idea是指作者的态度。它可以是句子中的一个单词、一个词组或者一个句子,从而使段落始终围绕一个主题进行。如:Students have different reasonsto choose their own electives (2007年12 月四级作文题 What Electives to Choose)。句子划线部分即为句子的controllingidea.(2)引出段落主题即topic.段落主题是指这一段落是关于什么的。它同时既要有一定的范围和概括性又要范围宽窄适度。我们可以看出, 段落主题句的写法很有讲究。段落主题句的作用是要告诉读者该段的主题思想,该段将围绕这个主题思想逐步展开、定义、论述、分类、解释和举例说明等。所以, 段落主题句必须包含一个主导思想,这是一个等待发展的思想,也是段落的主旨所在。同时, 段落主题句不能写得太笼统, 也不能涉及面太窄。一个段落的容量是有限的,如果主题句限定范围太宽,其内容就无法在一个段落中阐述清楚。如果限定范围太窄, 又不利于段落的发展。段落主题句所限定的内容必须符合段落写作的目的,有利于段落的铺开和抒发。主题句的位置 段落主题句不仅写法很有讲究,其位置安排也是很有讲究的。主题句的位置不是固定不变的, 段落主题句可以出现在段首、段尾和段中。 (1) 主题句在段首 大多数段落的主题句位于段首,这类段落属于演绎式段落,也是学生常用的一种方法,即主题句+ 支撑句的模式。使用这种方法的好处在于学生能够较好的把握全文的结构,有助于确定段落的主线,使各个支撑句围绕段落主题自然展开,保持段落的一致性与连贯性。使用这种模式写起来比较容易接受,也不容易跑题, 更容易领略全文的主旨 (2)主题句在段尾 主题句在段尾,可以使语气或气氛逐渐加强,并产生悬念。在这种段落中,通常先把论据、材料、细节逐渐展开, 最后, 自然而然的归纳出主题。这种段落属于归纳式段落,即由结尾的主题句总结本段的主旨,即支撑句+ 主题句的模式, 这种模式比较有文采, 但是对于中国学生,尤其是初学者而言,不容易把握。 (3) 主题句在段中 主题句在段中,即支撑句+ 主题句+ 支撑句的模式。这种写作方法对于学生而言, 是最难把握的一种,所以建议学生在考试时不要采纳这种模式,它的困难之处在于不好把握主题, 也不利于主题句的展开。尽管段落中所有的句子都很重要,但是从写作的角度看,段落中主题句是最重要的,因为它表达了本段的中心内容或思想。好的主题句有助于作者集中说明某一个主题并且控制写作范围, 也便于支撑句的展开。就中国学生的思维模式而言,在四级考试的写作中,还是采取主题句在段首的方式较好。